This volume gathers contributions from a range of global experts in teacher education to address the topic of language teacher education. It shows how teacher education involves the agency of teachers, which forms part of their identity, and which they take on when integrating into the teaching community of practice. In addition, the volume explores the teachers' situated practice--the dynamic negotiation of classroom situations, socialization into the professional teaching culture, and "on the ground experimentation" with pedagogical skills/techniques.

This book adopts the methods of field investigation and case study, systematically summarizes the development course of Nanjiang County in Sichuan Province since China's reform and opening-up, and comprehensively sorts out its main experiences of promoting green development and rural governance. These experiences not only have great enlightening and demonstration significance to the 80 counties that belong to the Qinba mountain area, but also have important reference value to promote rural revitalization and realize effective governance in the vast mountainous areas and counties throughout the country. Therefore, this book is not only suitable for ordinary readers interested in China's reform and opening up, but also suitable for professional researchers interested in China's green development and rural governance.

Chinese folklorists are well acquainted with the work of their English-language colleagues, but until recently the same could not be said about American scholars' knowledge of Chinese folkloristics. Chinese Folklore Studies Today aims to address this knowledge gap by illustrating the dynamics of contemporary folklore studies in China as seen through the eyes of the up-and-coming generation of scholars. Contributors to this volume focuses on topics that have long been the dominant areas of folklore studies in China, including myth, folk song, and cultural heritage, as well as topics that are new to the field, such as urban folklore and women's folklore. The ethnographic case studies presented here represent a broad range of geographic areas within mainland China and also introduce English-language readers to relevant Chinese literature on each topic, creating the foundation for further cross-cultural collaborations between English-language and Chinese folkloristics.

The theory of persistence modules originated in topological data analysis and became an active area of research in algebraic topology. This book provides a concise and self-contained introduction to persistence modules and focuses on their interactions with pure mathematics, bringing the reader to the cutting edge of current research. In particular, the authors present applications of persistence to symplectic topology, including the geometry of symplectomorphism groups and embedding problems. Furthermore, they discuss topological function theory, which provides new insight into oscillation of functions. The book is accessible to readers with a basic background in algebraic and differential topology.

Chinese folklorists are well acquainted with the work of their English-language colleagues, but until recently the same could not be said about American scholars' knowledge of Chinese folkloristics. Chinese Folklore Studies Today aims to address this knowledge gap by illustrating the dynamics of contemporary folklore studies in China as seen through the eyes of the up-and-coming generation of scholars. Contributors to this volume focuses on topics that have long been the dominant areas of folklore studies in China, including myth, folk song, and cultural heritage, as well as topics that are new to the field, such as urban folklore and women's folklore. The ethnographic case studies presented here represent a broad range of geographic areas within mainland China and also introduce English-language readers to relevant Chinese literature on each topic, creating the foundation for further cross-cultural collaborations between English-language and Chinese folkloristics.

Computational Intelligence in Protein-Ligand Interaction Analysis presents computational techniques for predicting protein-ligand interactions, recognizing protein interaction sites, and identifying protein drug targets. The book emphasizes novel approaches to protein-ligand interactions, including machine learning and deep learning, presenting a state-of-the-art suite of skills for researchers. The volume represents a resource for scientists, detailing the fundamentals of computational methods, showing how to use computational algorithms to study protein interaction data, and giving scientific explanations for biological data through computational intelligence. Fourteen chapters offer a comprehensive guide to protein interaction data and computational intelligence methods for protein-ligand interactions.

This book begins with a historical overview of the evolution of mobile technologies and addresses two key questions: why do we need 6G? and what will 6G be? The remaining chapters of this book are organized into three parts: Part I covers the foundation of an end-to-end 6G system by presenting 6G vision, driving forces, key performance indicators, and societal requirements on digital inclusion, sustainability, and intelligence. Part II presents key radio technology components for the 6G communications to deliver extreme performance, including new radio access technologies at high frequencies, joint communications and sensing, AI-driven air interface, among others. Part III describes key enablers for intelligent 6G networking, including network disaggregation, edge computing, data-driven management and orchestration, network security and trustworthiness, among others. This book is relevant to researchers, professionals, and academics working in 5G/6G and beyond.

This book explores teachers’ cognitions about the teaching of writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) and their teaching practice, as well as factors influencing the formation and reformation process of their cognition. Taking stock of Bakhtin’s dialogism as the theoretical framework, the authors argue that the formation and reformation of teacher cognition is a dialogic process. A systematic analysis of participating teachers’ cognition formation and re-formation process suggests the highly individual nature of teachers’ cognitions. EFL researchers and teachers, teacher educators, teacher education policymakers, university administrators and EFL textbook writers could draw on the findings of the study to provide better resources to implement the teaching of EFL writing more effectively. The study has adopted a mixed-methods approach, whose quantitative results show the patterns and differences of teacher cognition among teachers of different backgrounds and with different schooling, education and working experiences. The qualitative findings show in detail teachers' cognition formation and reformation processes and the factors contributing to such processes, revealing convergence and divergence of teachers’ stated cognitions, with a focus on the discrepancy between teacher cognition and teaching practice. These are useful lenses through which researchers and teachers will find significant implications for offering EFL writing instruction more effectively.

The recent developments in wireless communications, networking, and embedded systems have driven various innovative Internet of Things (IoT) applications, e.g., smart cities, mobile healthcare, autonomous driving and drones. A common feature of these applications is the stringent requirements for low-latency communications. Considering the typical small payload size of IoT applications, it is of critical importance to reduce the size of the overhead message, e.g., identification information, pilot symbols for channel estimation, and control data. Such low-overhead communications also help to improve the energy efficiency of IoT devices. Recently, structured signal processing techniques have been introduced and developed to reduce the overheads for key design problems in IoT networks, such as channel estimation, device identification, and message decoding. By utilizing underlying system structures, including sparsity and low rank, these methods can achieve significant performance gains. This book provides an overview of four general structured signal processing models: a sparse linear model, a blind demixing model, a sparse blind demixing model, and a shuffled linear model, and discusses their applications in enabling low-overhead communications in IoT networks. Further, it presents practical algorithms based on both convex and nonconvex optimization approaches, as well as theoretical analyses that use various mathematical tools.

Discrete-Time and Discrete-Space Dynamical Systems provides a systematic characterization of the similarities and differences of several types of discrete-time and discrete-space dynamical systems, including: Boolean control networks; nondeterministic finite-transition systems; finite automata; labelled Petri nets; and cellular automata. The book's perspective is primarily based on topological properties though it also employs semitensor-product and graph-theoretic methods where appropriate. It presents a series of fundamental results: invertibility, observability, detectability, reversiblity, etc., with applications to systems biology. Academic researchers with backgrounds in applied mathematics, engineering or computer science and practising engineers working with discrete-time and discrete-space systems will find this book a helpful source of new understanding for this increasingly important class of systems. The basic results to be found within are of fundamental importance for further study of related problems such as automated synthesis and safety control in cyber-physical systems using formal methods.

The recent developments in wireless communications, networking, and embedded systems have driven various innovative Internet of Things (IoT) applications, e.g., smart cities, mobile healthcare, autonomous driving and drones. A common feature of these applications is the stringent requirements for low-latency communications. Considering the typical small payload size of IoT applications, it is of critical importance to reduce the size of the overhead message, e.g., identification information, pilot symbols for channel estimation, and control data. Such low-overhead communications also help to improve the energy efficiency of IoT devices. Recently, structured signal processing techniques have been introduced and developed to reduce the overheads for key design problems in IoT networks, such as channel estimation, device identification, and message decoding. By utilizing underlying system structures, including sparsity and low rank, these methods can achieve significant performance gains. This book provides an overview of four general structured signal processing models: a sparse linear model, a blind demixing model, a sparse blind demixing model, and a shuffled linear model, and discusses their applications in enabling low-overhead communications in IoT networks. Further, it presents practical algorithms based on both convex and nonconvex optimization approaches, as well as theoretical analyses that use various mathematical tools.

Discrete-Time and Discrete-Space Dynamical Systems provides a systematic characterization of the similarities and differences of several types of discrete-time and discrete-space dynamical systems, including: Boolean control networks; nondeterministic finite-transition systems; finite automata; labelled Petri nets; and cellular automata. The book's perspective is primarily based on topological properties though it also employs semitensor-product and graph-theoretic methods where appropriate. It presents a series of fundamental results: invertibility, observability, detectability, reversiblity, etc., with applications to systems biology. Academic researchers with backgrounds in applied mathematics, engineering or computer science and practising engineers working with discrete-time and discrete-space systems will find this book a helpful source of new understanding for this increasingly important class of systems. The basic results to be found within are of fundamental importance for further study of related problems such as automated synthesis and safety control in cyber-physical systems using formal methods.

This book summarizes Chinese banks' achievements in global markets and examines the differences between Chinese and foreign banks. It also explores the future roadmap of internationalization and the risks involved in the process, in order to provide reference resource for Chinese banks. Based on the CBII (Chinese Bank Internationalization Index), which was first released in 2015, the book introduces the Banks' Internationalization Index ("BII") and expands the BII by examining two groups of data, including the number of overseas branches, overseas assets and revenue. In addition it analyzes representative Chinese banks' internationalization, using 16 of the Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) as benchmarks.

This book systematically reviews the development of social policy since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. As such, it begins by investigating the establishment of the Insurance System in the early period, then moves on to the planned economy period, the Cultural Revolution period, and the Reform and Opening Up period, characterized by efforts to adapt to a market economy. For each period, the book examines the effect of the economic system, the mode of production and forms of employment for social policy design, so as to clarify the developing context of Chinese social policy, and to help readers grasp the legal aspects of social policy development and the main problems China faces in its present economic developmental stage.

This book summarizes Chinese banks' achievements in global markets and examines the differences between Chinese and foreign banks. It also explores the future roadmap of internationalization and the risks involved in the process, in order to provide reference resource for Chinese banks. Based on the CBII (Chinese Bank Internationalization Index), which was first released in 2015, the book introduces the Banks' Internationalization Index ("BII") and expands the BII by examining two groups of data, including the number of overseas branches, overseas assets and revenue. In addition it analyzes representative Chinese banks' internationalization, using 16 of the Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs) as benchmarks.

This brief focuses on introducing a novel mathematical framework, referred as hypergraph theory, to model and solve the multiple interferer scenarios for future wireless communication networks. First, in Chap. 1, the authors introduce the basic preliminaries of hypergraph theory in general, and develop two hypergraph based polynomial algorithms, i.e., hypergraph coloring and hypergraph clustering. Then, in Chaps. 2 and 3, the authors present two emerging applications of hypergraph coloring and hypergraph clustering in Device-to-Device (D2D) underlay communication networks, respectively, in order to show the advantages of hypergraph theory compared with the traditional graph theory. Finally, in Chap. 4, the authors discuss the limitations of using hypergraph theory in future wireless networks and briefly present some other potential applications. This brief introduces the state-of-the-art research on the hypergraph theory and its applications in wireless communications. An efficient framework is provided for the researchers, professionals and advanced level students who are interested in the radio resource allocation in the heterogeneous networks to solve the resource allocation and interference management problems.

This book systematically reviews the development of social policy since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. As such, it begins by investigating the establishment of the Insurance System in the early period, then moves on to the planned economy period, the Cultural Revolution period, and the Reform and Opening Up period, characterized by efforts to adapt to a market economy. For each period, the book examines the effect of the economic system, the mode of production and forms of employment for social policy design, so as to clarify the developing context of Chinese social policy, and to help readers grasp the legal aspects of social policy development and the main problems China faces in its present economic developmental stage.

Foreign aid has connected China and the international community through many channels, and created new types of strong partnerships throughout the world. As a recipient country, China and donors have engaged in an unprecedentedly deep level of cooperation on development-related issues. China's development experience has resulted in key changes to the relationships and partnerships between China and donors, from receiving foreign aid to entering into development cooperation. China has provided valuable experiences for other developing countries, experiences that are all the more relevant because they have revealed key factors at work in developing recipient countries. This has also led China to form closer cooperative relationships with other developing countries with regard to development issues. In short, foreign aid has changed China.